Horse Diseases

Horse Diseases

Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre

Building this page is an ongoing work.

Diseases of Horses & Ponies

a bad case of Urticaria (see horse cases#)

Here we describe various horse diseases and pony diseases (equine diseases), with reference to acupuncture, herbal treatment, homeopathic treatment, chiropractic manipulation etc., where appropriate. We invite and accept referrals for complementary and alternative medicine treatments.

ALLERGY - ALLERGIES

What is it?

The term ‘allergy’ implies a malfunction of the immune system. The word is derived from Ancient Greek, to mean ‘other function’, so it is one of the few modern disease names that accurately and meaningfully describes the fundamental dysfunction, rather than simply describing signs and symptoms.

In allergy, the immune system responds inappropriately to ‘allergens’, which are materials that ‘trigger’ the reaction. These may be pollens, fly saliva, moulds or grass proteins. Removing or reducing these allergens in the environment of the horse may reduce the symptoms but will not cure the problem.

Diseases in horses that have probable allergic components are Headshaking, Urticaria, COPD, Laminitis and Sweet Itch

What causes it?

This is not known with certainty but any powerful immune challenges, such as severe viral infections or vaccination, are likely candidates.

Is it treatable?

By and large, the answer is yes.

In conventional medicine, it is usual to try to suppress the allergic reaction with anti-inflammatory drugs (such as steroid/cortisone) or with anti-histamines. This is a life-time task and can, in fact, lead to a worsening of the disease in the longer term. A course of desensitising vaccines may be offered, which are based on the result of specific allergy tests. This technique seems to be aimed to 'tire', to ‘exhaust’ or to 'wear out' the immune system into non-reactivity, but only helps in a few cases.

In natural medicine, at the Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre, we try to rebalance the immune system, such that the allergic reaction ceases to occur. This may require homeopathic constitutional prescribing and/or a remedy based more on specific troublesome symptoms (homeopathy), in order to resolve the tendency to allergy. Potentised allergens may also help in treatment, relieving signs and symptoms in the short term. In addition, herbs and acupuncture can play a part in treatment.

In either case, it is wise to try to reduce the allergenic challenge from the environment but, whereas in conventional medicine this is a permanent requirement, in natural medicine, a normal tolerance for the allergen may be re-established.

Diet is an essential component of holistic treatment, in that the immune system will heal much faster and more effectively if given a natural healthy diet.

See also: Immunotherapy (Desensitising Injections) FAQ

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ARTHRITIS

Literally 'inflammation of the joints', arthritis usually responds well to a combined homeopathy, acupuncture, herbs, diet and chiropractic input. Other arthritis-like conditions are: spavin, pedal ostitis, navicular disease, ringbone.

*This section is in preparation. We have a policy of ongoing improvement, augmentation and updating, so that our website is constantly changing. We hope you have enjoyed what you have seen so far and found it helpful, so that you will revisit us soon, to see the latest developments. Put the home page in your 'bookmarks'/'favourites', for ease of revisiting.

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ATYPICAL MYOGLOBINURIA - ATYPICAL MYOPATHY

This section is in preparation. We have a policy of ongoing improvement, augmentation and updating, so that our website is constantly changing. We hope you have enjoyed what you have seen so far and found it helpful, so that you will revisit us soon, to see the latest developments. Put the home page in your 'bookmarks'/'favourites', for ease of revisiting.

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AURAL PLAQUE - CRUSTY EARS - SCALY EARS

In this condition, horses have creamy-white, scaly lesions of uncertain origin, inside the ear flap. It is usually non-painful, although some horses appear to suffer a degree of irritation or sensitivity. Natural medicine has usually been successful in the treatment of this condition.

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AUTOIMMUNE (AUTO-IMMUNE) DISORDERS

This is the subject of a .pdf document (click here for .pdf Information Sheet) and an introductory page.

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AZOTURIA
Setfast - Tying up - Myoglobinuria - Monday Morning Disease

What is it?

In this acute condition, by-products of working metabolism accumulate in muscles, during exercise, reaching levels that cause the muscles to go into sudden and very painful spasm. The unfortunate horse becomes ‘planted’, appearing totally unable to move. The condition is predisposed by dietary factors and by inappropriate exercise patterns.

Is it treatable?

In the acute phase, homeopathic Aconite and Nux vomica can be very useful first-aid measures (homeopathy). Acupuncture may also help at this stage. Gently coaxing the horse into a slow walk is important. Once this phase has passed, it is important to allow rest for at least twelve hours, with regular short walks. It usually leaves no scarring or permanent damage. Prevention of further attacks is obviously the way forward.

Repeated sufferers of this problem are often presented to the Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre, and they usually respond well to acupuncture, homeopathy and diet treatments.

Prevention

It is important to ensure a natural diet (preferably cereal-free) that is appropriate to the amount of exercise being taken. Sometimes, the condition can be brought on by reducing the workload, without reducing the diet accordingly. If cereal is required, to cope with extreme exercise demands, then oats provide the best source of 'slower-release' energy. Exercise should be regular and not suddenly increased or decreased.

Electrolytes are important, but should not contain artificial colouring, flavouring or ‘fillers’ (e.g. cereal). This proviso greatly limits the products available, since so many meaninglessly have these useless and sometimes damaging extra ingredients.

BACK PROBLEMS & NECK PROBLEMS

Back problems - Neck problems

This is the subject of a .pdf document: (Back & Neck Problems in Horses).

At the AVMC, we have a special interest in horse back problems. We use chiropractic manipulation, acupuncture, LASER therapy, homeopathy and herbs, depending upon the case. Back pain can be very distressing for the working horse but, unless the rider is aware of how to see it, it can go unnoticed. Sadly, a veterinary examination will rarely reveal spinal misalignments, since vets are not trained to see the problem.

A horse that is suffering a back problem, neck problem or spinal problem will fail to 'track up' properly, will rarely stand 'square', will find it difficult to stand 'square' when asked and will show scoliosis. A working horse will fail to show symmetrical capability (i.e. will not be able to turn one way so well or will not be able to trot or canter so well, on one or other rein).

What is it?

Back problems can be extremely disabling for a horse. Problems can vary from simple soreness, with sensitivity to pressure, through spinal and pelvic misalignments to a full-blown injury. There may or may not be chronic pathology.

You can recognise back problems by the horse’s reaction to grooming and manual pressure. He may not have a symmetrical hind limb action and his tail may be held to one side. He may hold his head too high or even lift his head sharply during upward transitions. Neck problems can often be recognised through abnormal head movement.

The existence of back problems appears to have been largely ignored or denied by the veterinary profession, over the years. More recently, however, there is greater recognition of the existence of problems.

Is it responsive to treatment?

The conventional response to this disease is to use anti-inflammatory agents. These will sometimes reduce symptoms but will do little to address the cause.

Proper resolution of back problems cannot take place, however, until any spinal or pelvic misalignments are corrected (McTimoney Chiropractic). The Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre performs chiropractic manipulation work, alongside the healing stimulus of acupuncture, LASER and homeopathy. This integrated approach is usually enough to correct most back problems. Advice is also given on therapeutic and preventive static or dynamic exercise programmes. We have a special interest in back work, at the AVMC.

Even the independent NHS watchdog, NICE (N.I.C.E. - National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence), has recognised the potential benefit from acupuncture and manipulation in the relief of human back pain (as of May 2009).

Back Men

There are many ‘back people’ who ply their trade. Animal-qualified chiropractors are examined by the McTimoney Chiropractic Association. These are genuine. Of those without this qualification, some will, of course, also be genuine but caution is advised in using someone without the qualification. Some self-appointed back people are dangerous.

Physiotherapists work on the musculature, which can be very valuable in suitable cases, but most with whom we have had contact do not acknowledge spinal misalignment.

All chiropractors, osteopaths, physiotherapists and other manipulators are required, by the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966, to work only on the recommendation of a vet and under the supervision of a vet.

Gadgets

Many pieces of equipment are recommended, by salespersons or practitioners, for back problems. Ultra-sound, LASER therapy, Magnet, Faradic and TENS are but a few of these. Before embarking on such programmes, which can be expensive quite apart from safety and welfare considerations, please consult your vet, to enquire about suitability or safety for the particular horse. You may need to consult a vet who is experienced in a full range of holistic therapies for horses, to access the necessary expertise to evaluate these tools.

and: http://www.chiropractic-vet.co.uk - opens in a new window.

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BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS

Behavioural problems are manifest in many different ways. It is preferable to split them into two broad categories:

a) those problems associated with difficult behaviour that arise from the inborn nature of the horse or from acquired aversion responses to noxious stimuli, through accident, trauma, insensitive treatment or other cause.
b) those that arise from aversion to ongoing adverse stimuli, from diet, saddling, back problems or other source of pain.

It is clear that treatment of these two will take a different course.

In the first category, there may be some fundamental part of a horse’s make-up, which needs to be addressed by homeopathic treatment. Training, sensitive handling and management, diet and natural therapy (including homeopathy, acupuncture, aromatherapy, bach flowers etc.) will play a part. It must be said that we very rarely find a horse whose very nature makes him intractable or ‘ungenuine’.

In the second category, attention to the ongoing cause is essential, and should be the first step. The problem may then subside without treatment, or with natural therapy for any residual pain or inflammation. It is in this category, perhaps surprisingly to many, that most behavioural problems are met.

At the Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre, we are involved daily in the process of unravelling ‘behavioural’ problems and attending to any aggravating causes. It is satisfying that many difficult cases respond to appropriate holistic methods. These include 'crib-biting', 'windsucking' ('wind sucking') and the distressing condition of 'headshaking', which latter is NOT a behavioural problem in our opinion. The former two may be related to gastric ulceration.

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BLEEDERS

What is it?

This term applies to horses who haemorrhage through the nose, usually from the lungs, after violent exercise. The volume of blood concerned may vary from slight to dramatic. The performance of the horse may be markedly affected or he may even ‘stop’ during a race, as a result of the bleed.

How does it occur?

The cause is not well understood but some severe immune challenge, such as virus or vaccine, may have a significant part to play. Dust allergy or pollen allergy (e.g. oilseed rape) may also be relevant in some cases.

Is it treatable?

Homeopathic treatment has a good record of success in this condition. It has the advantage that it can be used on the day of competition, without fear of doping or even of falling foul of doping rules.

There are, as in so many chronic conditions, many homeopathic medicines which may be relevant, depending upon the individual horse. The challenge presented in treatment is the inability to monitor results of any single treatment, without actually putting the horse to the test of extreme exercise (e.g. a race).

The patent ‘snake venom’ that is widely marketed is probably (possibly) of homeopathic origin and is able to help some horses. It fails, however, to take individuality into account. This is probably the reason for its failure in many cases.

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BORRELIOSIS (LYME DISEASE)

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CANCER

This is the subject of a .pdf document (Cancer)

Cancer can affect horses. In particular, we have had to deal with Sarcoids and Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

A percentage of horses can beat squamous cell carcinoma, with the help and support of natural medicine and natural diet. Those in the eye have proved especially responsive.

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COLIC

The word literally describes abdominal pain. In the horse, this can be quite dramatic and distressful, for many species-specific reasons. It can arise most commonly from impaction of ingesta or from accumulation and entrapment of gas (impaction colic, spasmodic colic, gassy colic). These types will usually resolve, especially with the help of first-aid homeopathic remedies, like Nux vomica or Colocynth (homeopathy). Bach Rescue Remedy may also be helpful. While awaiting the vet, these medicines should be given and may resolve the case prior to his or her arrival.

More rarely, a case of 'surgical colic' can arise, which is, of course much more serious. This can occur as a result of abdominal growths or a twisted bowel. Homeopathic remedies will only be of limited, first-aid value, in such cases. A veterinary surgeon is usually necessary, to help diagnose the exact nature of the problem in any given case and to decide upon timely surgical intervention. It is a surgical emergency. If homeopathy is ineffective, it is very possible that it is a case of 'surgical colic'.

It is advisable to stick to a non-manufactured fresh, sugar-free diet (i.e. one that contains no added molasses) and to try to avoid sudden changes of diet, sudden flushes of spring grass, sudden exposure to frosted grass, feeding dry food that can absorb water in the stomach and swell, feeding spoilt food and large drinks of cold water, following immediately on extreme exertion.

This is the subject of a .pdf document (Colic)

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COPD

This is the subject of a .pdf document (COPD).

It used to be called heaves, in former 'pre-scientific' days. However, this terminology is creeping back into veterinary papers, since it is descriptive and accurate.

The condition is often triggered by straw or hay dust (Aspergillus spp. moulds), tree pollens, elderflower pollen, rape pollen or other hedgerow irritants. It is of immune origin and vaccination or viruses may play a part in aetiology.

Homeopathy is usually successful in treating this condition. Acupuncture and Herbs may also help. In each case, we make dietary recommendations, in order to support immune balance and function.

horse COPD - homeopathy COPD - COPD horse - COPD homeopathy

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COUGH

Chronic cough can be a source of anxiety for riders, and carers, and can take the form of anything from a slight throat-clearing cough at start of exercise to something much more prevalent and worrying. The condition can be very intractable. One of the sources of chronic cough is, of course, COPD. There are, however, other causes, not all of which can be ‘diagnosed’ in the modern sense.

We see many cases that have been ‘scoped’ and tested, in every way known, only to be classed as ‘non-specific’ at the end of the day.

In all cases of chronic cough, a properly conducted holistic examination and homeopathic constitutional prescription is the correct approach, and stands a good chance of being able to reduce or remove the problem.

Herbs may also help. There are ‘patent’ herbal preparations on the market, few of which are likely to succeed, since they have not been formulated for a given individual patient. As with homeopathy, herbal medicine and, more especially, Chinese or Indian herbs, are correctly used only when prescribed on an individualised basis.

Homeopathic medicines, that have often been used successfully in past cases of chronic cough, when prescribed according to individual patient characteristics, are:

Aconitum, Antimonium tart., Bryonia, Calcarea carbonica, Carbo veg., Drosera, Ipecacuanha, Kali bich., Kali sulph., Lobelia, Lycopodium, Merc. sol., Natrum sulph., Nux vomica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Sambucus, Sepia, Silica, Spongia, Stannum, Sulphur, Thuja, Tub. bov.

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CUSHING'S DISEASE

Hyperadrenocorticism

This syndrome is not likely to yield to home-prescribed homeopathic first-aid remedies, so it is advisable to call in a qualified homeopathic vet, if you suspect this condition in your horse. It is typically characterised by failure to shed the winter coat, extreme hair growth, curly coated appearance, sour-smelling sweat, puffy face, upper eyelids swollen and an increased thirst. In more extreme cases, there is a tendency to an enlarged liver and belly, abnormal fat distribution over the body, chronic laminitis, tooth problems and general debility.

If not controlled, the condition is progressive and usually eventually fatal.

It arises from a malfunction of the Pituitary Gland or the Adrenal Gland or both. Sometimes, a tumour may be present in one or other gland. The impression is that this condition is becoming more prevalent, in domestic horses and ponies, possibly as a result of some human intervention. The underlying cause is not precisely known but immune challenges, such as virus infection or repeated vaccines, may increase the risk. We have seen the onset of cases soon after a booster vaccination.

Diagnosis is from clinical signs, suggestive blood results (enzyme levels) and high blood sugar. We do not usually recommend the more accurate but potentially traumatic diagnostic tests. We usually treat cases with herbs and homeopathy, which can successfully control most cases, especially if they are caught early. We have one or two surprising successes on record, in the treatment of advanced cases with severe foot changes.

It is not known whether the usual conventional drug treatment can be used alongside homeopathy, as we have no cases on record, in which this has been tried. In this condition, it is likely that conventional drug therapy would reduce the benefit of a homeopathic treatment. Treatment options have to be assessed, in the light of the seriousness of the situation and responses to one or other line of therapy.

In either case, life expectancy is likely to be reduced by this disease.

This is the subject of a .pdf document (Cushings Disease)

The links go to some case histories.

Case report

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DERMATITIS

see Skin problems

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DERMATOPHILUS

see Rain Scald

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DIARRHOEA / SCOUR

There are many possible causes of chronic diarrhoea in horses, including Salmonellosis. Some cases come to us with no definitive diagnosis. If the diarrhoea has persisted for any length of time, there is usually a variable degree of weight loss and poor coat. It is generally unresponsive to antibiotics, which are not really advisable in such conditions, anyway.

At the AVMC, we rarely have a case that cannot be sorted, using homeopathic constitutional prescribing, probiotics and a good, natural (non-manufactured) diet.

Case report

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DJD

This acronym stands for Degenerative Joint Disease, usually applying to fetlocks, knees, hocks or stifles. In it, both bone and cartilage can become damaged or cease to regenerate normally. It may be caused by trauma (injury), repetitive strain (e.g. from an unsuitable work programme or incorrect foot balance), nutritional problems or overuse. Homeopathy is usually well able to provide a solution, in the longer term, accompanied by a healthy diet and by an appropriate exercise programme. A prescription would usually include a remedy to suit the lameness and its individual characteristics, plus one of the Calcarea derivative remedies, suited to the horse's constitution. Correct shoeing (foot balance) is also of importance. Much of the work of the AVMC involves some form of joint disease.

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FIBROUS DYSPLASIA

This term applies to a rare lesion of unknown aetiology, affecting one or more bones. It is characterised by a non-neoplastic, radio-translucent 'growth' on the bone, that feels hard but resilient, rather than stony. It can weaken the bone. We have never knowingly treated such a case at the AVMC but would expect homeopathy to stand a reasonable chance of helping in treatment. The usual approach to such a lesion is surgical removal but that is not always practical and is not always an attractive option, depending upon the site of the lesion.

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EQUINE HERPES VIRUS

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GASTRIC ULCER

Stomach ulcer

In brief, homeopathy, probiotics and a horse-suitable natural diet will usually sort this troublesome problem. Ulceration of the stomach (gastric ulcer) is a 'symptom', not a disease and needs to be treated by restoring proper balance to the stomach and to the body in general, through diet, management and homeopathic medication. It can be related to cribbing and wind-sucking, either as cause or effect.

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FISTULOUS WITHERS

Fistulous wither is not as common as it used to be. It is a chronic tracking infected lesion of the wither and its associated muscles, fascia etc. and is notoriously difficult to treat, not least because natural 'drainage' is back into the hole created. Happily, homeopathic treatment appears to render a gloomy prognosis unnecessary.

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GREASY HEEL

See Mud Fever

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HAEMATOMA

A haematoma is, literally, a collection of blood in the tissues (usually just under the skin). It occurs through the rupture of a blood vessel, possibly from direct trauma or from overexertion. A common site, in the racing Thoroughbred, is on the thigh, near the hip joint.

Homeopathic remedies such as Arnica, Hamamelis, Lachesis or Secale, prescribed according to the individual horse and circumstance, will usually bring about cessation of bleeding and may avoid the need for drainage of the haematoma, in a milder case.

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HEAD SHAKING

HEAD-SHAKING - HEADSHAKING - HEADSHAKER

Head-shaking is the subject of a .pdf document (Headshaking).

The horse is seen shaking his head (or twitching his head) in the field or violently shaking and violently tossing his head when being worked.

A large proportion of head shaking cases appear to respond to the combined acupuncture, homeopathy and chiropractic approach, along with holistic attention to diet and feeding.

In addition to acupuncture and homeopathy for head shaking horses, we use massage and acupressure techniques to drain fluid from the congested sinuses.

Pictures show a horse patient undergoing acupuncture for a head shaking problem - note placid acceptance of needles and drowsiness.

Having found out about a mail-order homeopathic medicine (strangely described as 'non-medical' and with no details of ingredients) for headshaking, I have to express my surprise about the near-promise of success and the $400 price tag. Marketing never ceases to amaze me and owners of headshaking horses may represent a vulnerable and sometimes desperate market sector. This smacks of cynical exploitation of a very unfortunate situation, to me.

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HEAVES

This is the subject of a .pdf document (click)

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HOOF QUALITY

Poor hoof quality (e.g. slow re-growth, crumbling, cracking or distortion) is usually of dietary origin. It can also arise from damage to the coronary band or from immune damage.

We cooperate with a farrier's efforts to help the foot. We treat the underlying condition with homeopathic medication, of a constitutional nature (suited to the individual horse) and we take pains to ensure a good natural diet, free from manufactured ingredients. We usually formulate a herbal supplement, to be compatible with both the diet and the homeopathic treatment, to provide essential nutrients in a way compatible with a horse's metabolism. We avoid the use of animal-derived protein supplements (e.g. Gelatin). Expensive specialist supplements for hoof health are rarely necessary.

This type of holistic regime has proved successful in most cases.

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HORMONAL PROBLEMS

This is a complex field, usually involving a mare, who has recurrent or perpetual seasons, too much 'seasonal' behaviour or erratic and unmanageable behaviour, especially when being saddled or ridden.

Such problems may arise from a cystic ovary but this is often not found in such mares. Hormone injections are often used, to achieve better behaviour but there is a risk of causing further hormonal imbalance thereby.

Homeopathy, in the form of homeopathic constitutional prescribing, along with a more locally-targeted remedy, based on the result of rectal examination of the ovaries, may succeed in achieving a result or, at least, removing the worst excesses of the problem. This is not, however, a foregone conclusion.

Geldings may also suffer hormonal problems, even to the extent of them giving the impression of a 'rig'. We have never been asked to treat such problems, so cannot give a summary of experiences.

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INFERTILITY

There is very little to be said about infertility, other than to emphasise the importance of a natural and wholesome diet, free from manufactured ingredients. Grazing land and hay ground should not be fertilised. Provided that the diet is sufficient and of correct quality and provided that the mare is managed in as stress-free a way as possible, her natural breeding force will tend to produce the required results. If not, homeopathy in the form of constitutional homeopathic prescribing, along with a tailor-made herbal supplement, will usually do the trick. Nature has a tendency to reproduce; all that is usually necessary is to remove the obstacles and give the system homeopathic stimulus.

The same comments apply to stallions. We have successfully treated stallions for abnormal sperm, sperm motility problems, fertility etc.

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INFLUENZA

Equine Influenza is a viral disease, which appears to be specific to equine animals (i.e. it is not known to cross the 'species barrier'). It is much-feared, giving rise to compulsory vaccination regimes for various forms of sporting competition and for some yards. It is highly infectious but, usually, not too severe. British Dressage dropped the requirement for its competitions, without any apparent welfare cost.

Homeopathic constitutional prescribing will usually help a horse to throw off the infection and prevent the worst symptoms from developing.

In common with all forms of vaccination, there are dangers associated with the administration. Some horses react locally, with very painful and inflamed muscles or abscess. Some react more systemically, becoming ill. Others can become chronically ill or have an underlying health problem exacerbated.

There is a homeopathic nosode to offer protection to those horses for whom vaccination is considered unsuitable or is not wanted. It is without full proof of efficacy. Vaccinations should not be given to horses suffering an illness, especially if there is an immune component to that illness. The nosode does not satisfy legal or sporting regulations.

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INJURY
see also: wounds

The innate healing capacity of the horse is a source of constant surprise. The result is that most wounds and injuries, despite often looking horrific and disastrous at the outset, will tend to heal. There is a range of homeopathic and herbal first-aid therapies, to suit most types of injury. LASER therapy can be of inestimable value in the treatment of tendon or ligament damage and as an aid to healing of surface wounds. We find that regular LASER sessions, at the correct frequency and wavelength for the injury and the patient, will hasten and increase the quality of healing.

We rarely advocate box rest, since it is an unnatural imposition on a creature that survives by movement, which, in moderation, can act as a stimulus to healing. Box rest is only of benefit in very special cases. A barn or covered yard may be very useful, if restricted movement is required.

A good natural diet is important, as in most situations where optimal healing is required.

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JOINT ILL

Joint ill is the common name for purulent infection in the joints. It usually occurs in the newborn, as a result of infection of the umbilical cord soon after birth. Clearly, hygiene where a foaling takes place is of paramount importance in prevention.

Antibiotics can fail to treat this problem, owing to the build up of pus in the joint and owing to difficulties in achieving high enough antibiotic concentrations in the joint cavity.

Happily, especially if a case is caught early enough or is not too severe, homeopathic remedies can provide the necessary stimulus to the body's own immune capability, achieving a good result in most cases. Hepar sulphuris, with or without or a specific Nosode, may be the correct prescription, depending upon signs and symptoms. Even extreme cases have responded but the good results are not so easy.

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KISSING SPINES

This is the subject of a .pdf document (Kissing Spines).

This is an degenerative or osteoarthritic-type disease process involving the vertebral spines in the region of the back immediately behind the wither. The condition was first described by Professor Jeffcott in Cambridge.

There is a distinct possibility that saddling problems could lead to this condition.

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KLEBSIELLOSIS

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LAMENESS

Lameness is identified by the nodding of the head or by uneven movement of the hind quarters, at the trot. At the trot, a lame horse will raise his head as the affected front limb strikes the ground. If the lameness is in a hind limb, the horse will tend to 'hop' on the affected limb (this is different from the unevenness in action shown by a horse with a misaligned pelvis - .pdf file). A horse can show different lameness on right rein or left rein. This helps in diagnosis. Lameness can arise from any condition which causes pain in one (or more) limb(s).

At the AVMC, we use a logical approach to horse lameness. We ensure that the foot does not have an abscess, which is the most common cause in horses. We check for laminitis and eliminate it from the scene. We give foot, joints, leg and whole body a thorough examination, checking for muscle tension and any need for chiropractic work. In particular, misalignment of lumbar vertebrae (hind limb) or the lower neck (fore limb) may cause quite pronounced and difficult-to-diagnose lameness. We perform any necessary manipulation. Because it can be part of the symptom picture, we have to consider Lyme disease (Borreliosis) in any case of vague lameness with malaise and in an area where ticks are prevalent.

If lameness is found to be due to any pathology, we then set about trying to heal that pathology, using acupuncture, homeopathy, herbs and diet work.

If incorrect movement appears to be a causal or contributory factor, back work, foot balance and saddling investigations are vital components of our work in assessing and helping equine lameness. If these are not corrected, no amount of good medicine will heal the problem.

Navicular disease, DJD, OCD, sprains, strains, pedal ostitis, ringbone, sidebone, muscle injuries, shoulder damage, spavins, arthritis and many other causes are treated by the same attention to detail.

Reference to the particular pages on this site will give an idea of expectancy of success, using natural therapy.

The story of Garrison Savannah, of 1991 Cheltenham Gold Cup fame, is touched briefly at: Testimonials.

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LAMINITIS (FOUNDER)

This is the subject of a .pdf document (Laminitis). There is an in-depth article at: http://www.alternativevet.org/WS130-07.pdf

Laminitis usually responds well to homeopathy, with acupuncture also proving necessary in some cases. Herbs can provide useful ancillary support and help with pain control.

Laminitis can be accidentally induced as a side effect of injection with steroid (corticosteroid, cortisone), an example of iatrogenic disease.

Apart from treating laminitis with homeopathy, acupuncture etc., we make dietary suggestions (natural feeding) and management suggestions, designed to restore a decent lifestyle as much as possible.

The links go to selected case histories, some of which had been extremely distressing and chronic cases.

Case report

homeopathy laminitis - acupuncture laminitis - laminitis acupuncture - laminitis homeopathy - pony laminitis

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LIGAMENTS

Ligament injury

Horses can damage ligaments in their legs. The most common ones are the check ligament, the annular ligament and the collateral ligaments of the fetlock and hock. The condition is known as a sprain. The 'suspensory' is also a ligament. The same principles apply, wherever the ligament injury

It is important to check that predisposing factors are eliminated, at the outset of the healing process. Shoes can be removed, while the horse is not being worked. This ensures there is no adverse foot balance issue. Pelvic and spinal alignment must be checked at the outset and regularly during the healing phase. Pelvic and spinal misalignment may be a contributory factor in many cases of ligament injury. Most cases that the AVMC has attended show pelvic misalignment, which we correct immediately. Saddling must, of course, be optimal, once the horse is back in work, since uncomfortable saddling leads to wrong movement which puts undue strain on individual limbs.

Diet should be light, as befits a horse not in work and should be in accordance with the dietary advice given elsewhere on this site.

We do not advocate box rest. We have experienced extremely good healing in horses that are out at grass, among companions who are steady.

We apply regular LASER therapy, in the initial phase. This is a powerful stimulus to the healing of fibrous structures, such as tendons and ligaments.

We use homeopathic Ruta, as an important stimulus to the healing of tendon and ligamentar tissue. Other remedies may be necessary, according to both the particular injury and the particular horse's symptoms.

The prognosis is usually good, at least for ordinary work. Some horses can even race again. The earlier this programme is started, after the injury, the better.

LIVER DISEASE

It is becoming increasingly common to find horses with liver damage. This is frequently not as serious as might be supposed, if holistic medicine (particularly homeopathy and herbs) is available. It is not clear whether the increased frequency of diagnosis reflects more frequent blood sampling of horses or a real increase in the problem. The condition can predispose to laminitis and photosensitisation. It can also be a concomitant of Cushings Disease.

There are many different potential causes of liver disease. The most common are: poisonous plants (e.g. Ragwort or St John's Wort), chemicals (e.g. Creosote), herbicides (even so-called 'livestock safe' ones have caused problems, when horses have eaten sprayed nettles), viruses, moulds in spoilt food, copper toxicity, drugs (e.g. steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), overeating of concentrate food and unsuitable diets. Recently fertilised grass may also be a hazard for the liver and is especially dangerous in a horse with an impaired liver.

Confirmation of diagnosis (and subsequent monitoring) is usually by blood test.

Homeopathy and diet are important. Common homeopathic medicines, that are known to help the liver, depending upon signs, symptoms and circumstances are: Berberis, Carduus, Chelidonium, Cuprum, Flor de Piedra, Lycopodium, Nux vomica, Phosphorus and Senecio.

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LYME DISEASE (BORRELIOSIS)

See: Borreliosis

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LYMPHANGITIS

Homeopathic treatment of lymphangitis is usually successful. However, because of its potential severity, we advise calling in a qualified homeopathic vet.

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MASTITIS

This is usually a physiological problem, in the mare, as opposed to infections (such as in cattle). Because it is a potentially dangerous condition, it requires prompt and expert homeopathic help, which is usually successful. We advise calling in a qualified homeopathic vet.

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MELANOMA

Homeopathic intervention appears to have arrested some cases of melanoma and been accompanied by reduction in some others. However, it is a dangerous disease, usually of grey horses (aka 'greys disease').

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See also:

Sarcoids
Warts
Nodular Skin Disease

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MOONBLINDNESS - MOON BLINDNESS

moon blindness, ERU, equine recurrent uveitis, recurrent ophthalmia, recurrent uveitis, periodic ophthalmia

This is the subject of a .pdf document (Moonblindness).

Most cases of moonblindness (moon blindness, ERU, equine recurrent uveitis, recurrent ophthalmia, recurrent uveitis, periodic ophthalmia) appear to respond very well to acupuncture and homeopathy. Generally, a course of three treatments is needed to settle the current attack, with acupuncture being promptly provided in the event of a further attack. In a typical case, attacks or episodes become less frequent and less severe, until they usually subside or cease entirely. This is one of the more surprising conditions in which success can usually be expected, especially in view of the very poor outlook in conventional terms.

Acupuncture for moonblindness - homeopathy for moonblindness - homeopathy moonblindness - acupuncture moonblindness - acupuncture ERU - homeopathy ERU

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MUD FEVER - GREASY HEEL - HEEL DERMATITIS - CRACKED HEELS

Mud fever is also the subject of a .pdf document (Mud Fever).

This is commonly a troublesome condition but one that usually responds well to homeopathy, both in terms of treatment of the problem at all stages and in prevention of recurrence. It is characterised by inflamed, swollen skin, usually at the rear of the pasterns, of any or all of the four feet of the horse. Cracks may appear, which can be quite deep in bad cases. Acute or chronic lameness can ensue. Some particularly bad cases to which the AVMC has been called have been in trouble for months or even years.

The condition has been called 'mud fever', since some cases appear to be exacerbated or arise during wet or muddy conditions. These factors are not vital ingredients, however. We have seen cases in dry summer conditions. Some cases occur only on the white parts of the lower limb. In these, a degree of photosensitisation is likely. The organism Dermatophilus can sometimes be involved.

Homeopathic treatment consists of constitutional prescribing (i.e. according to the overall picture presented by the patient), with a 'locally' indicated remedy in addition, in some cases. At the AVMC, we also have a specially-formulated ointment and a nosode, for use in relevant cases. Since the disease is both complex and troublesome, it is recommended that expert veterinary homeopathic help should be sought.

Treatment with steroid creams, steroid injections and courses of topical or internal antibiotics are not recommended, since they can temporarily suppress the external signs, giving the impression of a beneficial result, while the disease is really exacerbated and signs/symptoms usually return with increased vigour when the treatment ceases. Each time this happens, the disease becomes more stubborn to treat.

We also consider diet to be important.

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NAVEL ILL

This is the common name for purulent infection in the umbilical region. It usually occurs in the newborn, as a result of infection of the umbilical cord soon after birth. Clearly, hygiene where a foaling takes place is of paramount importance in prevention.

Antibiotics can fail to treat this problem, owing to the build up of pus and owing to difficulties in achieving high enough antibiotic concentrations in the abscess.

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NAVICULAR DISEASE - NAVICULAR SYNDROME

Navicular syndrome is also the subject of a .pdf document (Navicular).

Homeopathy and acupuncture have proved very valuable in the treatment of navicular disease, along with chiropractic manipulation, holistic diet, saddling and shoeing input. Early signs of navicular disease are: stumbling, a vague and intermittent lameness, shifting the weight off the heel and 'pointing' the foot.

Acupuncture in action - a case of navicular disease

acupuncture navicular - homeopathy navicular

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NODULAR SKIN DISEASE

Collagen necrosis

The term 'nodular skin disease' (or 'Collagen Necrosis') covers nodular lesions in the skin (often particularly under the saddle area) that have variously been described as blocked sweat glands or as parasitic, bacterial or auto-immune in origin. At the AVMC we have seen many cases over the years, often after extensive diagnostic and therapeutic efforts have failed to produce any clarification or result. The lesions generally respond very well to homeopathic medication, selected according to constitutional indications and the unique circumstances of each individual case. We have often found saddling faults in such cases, which may or may not be partially responsible for triggering the problem.

In homeopathic terms, a constitutional tendency to nodule formation is an expression of the 'sycotic' miasm.

See also:

Sarcoids
Melanoma
Warts

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OCD

OCD is an acronym which stands for Osteochondritis Dissecans, usually applying to the end of long bones near knees, hocks, shoulders, hips or stifles. Abnormal cavities can appear in the bone and both bone (on X-Ray) and cartilage can become damaged or cease to regenerate normally. It appears to be a development problem, possibly occurring as a result of accelerated growth rate (ahead of development), owing to incorrect feeding.

Homeopathy is usually well able to provide a solution, in the longer term, accompanied by a healthy diet and by an appropriate exercise programme. A prescription would usually include a remedy to suit the lameness and its individual characteristics, plus one of the Calcarea derivative remedies, suited to the horse's constitution.

Acupuncture may be useful in the early phase of treatment, not least to help to control pain. The nutritional and medicinal value of herbs can also benefit.

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OPHTHALMIA

see Moonblindness

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OSTEOMYELITIS

Osteomyelitis is a deep infection (bacterial or fungal) in bone. It is very resistant to treatment with antibiotics. It is possible that it is difficult to achieve sufficient levels of antibiotics in such tissues. Osteomyelitis occurs from injury, surgery or blood-borne infection. The most common source of infection is an open fracture or gunshot wound. It is a potentially very dangerous condition and can threaten a limb or even life itself.

Homeopathy and Osteomyelitis

We have treated many cases of osteomyelitis over the years and the vast majority have recovered, coincidental with homeopathic treatment.

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PARALYSIS

Paralysis usually results from damage to the nerves (motor nerves) which supply muscles. It can affect any motor nerve and therefore any muscular part of the body. It is called hemiplegia when one side of the body is affected, paraplegia when both hind limbs are affected and quadriplegia when all four limbs are affected. However, in horses, because of the extreme difficulty in managing a horse that loses the use of more than one limb, we have experience only of treating single nerve or single limb cases.

Nerves are generally able to heal more rapidly and more effectively than is generally believed. This capability is greatly enhanced by appropriately integrated homeopathic, acupuncture, LASER, Acupuncture-by-LASER and dietary input, resulting in some surprising positive outcomes, often long after the original injury has occurred and when hope had receded.

While promises of success cannot be guaranteed, at the AVMC we do not set out by giving cases a gloomy prognosis, in view of having experienced such consistently positive results of therapy.

The most common forms of paralysis that we have treated in horses are: Radial Paralysis, Gluteal Paralysis, Tail Paralysis and brachial plexus injury.

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PEDAL OSTITIS (PEDALOSTITIS)

What is it?

Pedal ostitis (pedalostitis) is the name given to inflammation of the small pedal bone, in the foot. The front feet are generally worse affected. It is a chronic and disabling condition, if not rectified.

It is characterised by lameness, especially on the turn when an affected foot is inside the circle, along with ‘footiness’. Lameness is usually removed with appropriate diagnostic nerve blocks. X-ray diagnosis may also be useful.

How does it occur?

Are there preventive measures to take?

It is wise to ensure that all possible measures are taken to ensure correct saddling and shoeing A healthy and natural diet will also help.

Is it responsive to treatment?

The conventional response to this disease is to use anti-inflammatory agents. These will sometimes reduce symptoms, while being unable to do anything for the actual condition, which will deteriorate meanwhile.

Using natural medicine methods, especially homeopathy, acupuncture and herbs, we aim to cure the disease or at least initiate a reversal of the process sufficiently to prevent lameness. At the AVMC, we have succeeded in the vast majority of cases. Apart from ensuring correction of saddling, diet and shoeing problems, a homeopathic prescription is chosen on the basis of constitutional features, since this is a chronic disease. One of the Calcarea remedies is also required, according to the horse's constitution. There may be a need for symptom-based homeopathic prescribing in support. Acupuncture can be very helpful for acute or severe cases, to bring rapid pain relief.

Because of the chronic nature of the problem, medication may have to be repeated on occasions, throughout life.

Common homeopathic remedies, that have worked well in past cases, chosen according to signs in the individual patient, are Ruta, Symphytum, Calcarea, Rhus toxicodendron, Ledum and Actaea.

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PERIODIC OPHTHALMIA

See Moonblindness

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PHOTOSENSITISATION

What is it?

In cases of photosensitisation, horses have a sensitivity to sunlight. It results in burning of the white areas of the body, e.g. muzzle, blaze and socks, and can occur even when the sun is filtered by cloud.

How does it arise?

It is usually the result of a chain of events. A plant in the pasture or hedgerow can upset the liver. The liver then fails to metabolise photo-active grass pigment, as it should. Phylloerythrin is the product of anaerobic degradation of chlorophyll. This photo-active compound then circulates around the body and, in skin areas that are more sensitive (white or devoid of melanin), it reacts to the light to produce energy, just as such compounds do in plants. This energy release, in the tissues of the horse, produces a burn.

Liver damage from other causes can lead to phylloerythrin reaching the skin.

Some chemicals will produce photosensitisation, when put on the skin.

How can I prevent it?

Natural sun-block creams can help, provided the horse’s skin can tolerate it. Do not use chemical ones, that can be carcinogenic and may cause a hypersensitivity reaction in their own right.

Removing offending plants, such as Hypericum (St John’s Wort) from grazing land is also a useful exercise, if practical.

Is it treatable?

Yes, constitutionally prescribed homeopathy can stimulate the liver to regain its normal ‘filtering’ function, thus preventing the problem at source. This is successful in most cases. Correctly prescribed homeopathy will also speed healing (e.g. Hypericum).

Hypericum & Calendula lotion or cream is an excellent topical treatment. It reduces soreness and pain and speeds healing.

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PROUD FLESH

What is it?

This term describes the proliferation of tissue in and around a wound or injury, as healing goes astray. It is not a normal manifestation of wound healing and does not have to occur.

It is characterised by a red and easily damaged mass of tissue, which can become very large indeed, if not correctly treated. It occurs mostly in wounds that are subject to movement, during the healing period, especially in the bends of limbs.

Proud flesh can be encouraged by the use of unsuitable dressings, which remove granulation tissue when they are changed.

For some reason, the phenomenon is accepted and expected in horses, whereas there is no need for it to occur.

Are there preventive measures to take?

At the AVMC, we have never seen proud flesh in a wound managed homeopathically and holistically from the outset. We have, nonetheless, witnessed a great many wounds, some of them extremely severe and extensive, in very difficult positions on the horse’s body. We believe, therefore, that it is not a normal response to wound healing but part of an abnormal healing pattern.

Is it responsive to treatment?

In the unfortunate event of proud flesh having occurred, in a wound not managed holistically from the outset, it is usually responsive to long-term homeopathic treatment and herbal wound dressings. LASER therapy can also prove helpful, in the early phases of treatment.

RAIN SCALD

Rain scald is the term given to describe the crusty, flaky skin condition, usually over the back, which affects horses, usually associated with Dermatophilus infection. It can tend to follow a pattern similar to that caused by pouring scalding water over the back, i.e. descending streaks of lesions running down the sides of the horse. It usually responds well to homeopathy.

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RECURRENT UVEITIS - ERU

See Moonblindness

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RINGBONE - RING BONE

What is it?

Ringbone is the appearance of new bone, forming about the pastern joints, in response to trauma or arthritic changes. The diagnosis of early cases is confirmed by X-Ray. Bony swellings can be felt around the pastern joints. In advanced cases, the swellings can readily be seen.

How does it occur?

It occurs as a result of chronic trauma (e.g. jarring from incorrect fore limb action, saddle-affected gait or concussion on metalled roads), chronic foot misalignment (e.g. by unbalanced shoeing) or response to an acute injury. There may be a combination of factors in any given case.

Can it be treated?

We have seen many cases of lame horses, showing often quite severe ringbone, respond to a full holistic regime, including saddling, shoeing, diet, homeopathy, herbs and perhaps acupuncture. The cause for realistic hope is the fact that bone is the object of constant remodelling and repair. If the diet is appropriate, providing the correct raw materials, if movement is correct and if medical methods are used to stimulate healthier bone recycling and remodelling, then there is a very reasonable outlook.

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RINGWORM

Ringworm is, despite the name, a fungal infection of the skin. In conventional experience, it is a very infectious scourge of horse yards and racing stables. In homeopathic experience, it is usually quickly healed by the administration of a few drops of homeopathic medicine in the drinkers of affected horses. It also appears to be possible to prevent the spread, without difficulty, by the same simple and cost-effective procedure. Homeopathic treatment of ringworm has usually been very successful and very rapid.

Sensible hygiene precautions should be taken, since this is a zoonosis.

homeopathy ringworm - ringworm homeopathy - horse ringworm - ringworm horse

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RUG SORES

Rug sores are a preventable problem. Happily, should they occur and not be aggravated by ignoring them for too long, they respond well to homeopathic treatment (homeopathy). Depending upon depth and degree of damage, white hairs may be left as a permanent blemish.

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SADDLE SORES

Saddle sores are a preventable problem. Happily, should they occur and not be aggravated by ignoring them for too long, they respond well to homeopathic treatment (homeopathy). Depending upon depth and degree of damage, white hairs may be left as a permanent blemish.

SADDLING PROBLEMS

Saddling in the UK is generally not serving horses (and therefore riders) well. We are seeing so many cases, in which an apparently medical or chiropractic problem is caused by or aggravated by unsuitable and painful saddling. This can result from poor saddle design, poor saddle construction or bad fitting. It is to the horse’s eternal credit that he tolerates such discomfort and continues to serve us, without violent refusal. This tolerance and stoicism is also, however, the reason for much long-term damage. If the horse refuses to tolerate the pain, he is all-too-often condemned as 'ungenuine'.

The problems stem from both saddle fitting and saddle manufacture. When visiting a horse, we are willing to demonstrate any problems that may be present in the saddle. We are also willing to show the clearly demonstrable pain in the horse's back and the mechanism for the collateral damage, that arises from particular faults.

When a saddle is unsuitable, it causes an avoidance response in the horse. This results in both gait and posture abnormalities, in compensation. These incorrect movements, over a period, result in pathology.

Back problems, kissing spines, navicular disease, ringbone, sidebone, pedal ostitis, spavins, nodular skin disease and behavioural problems can all result from various particular saddling problems. These associations are not commonly known but are quite clearly demonstrable.

It stands to reason that part of the therapy, that we provide at the Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre, is individualised advice on correction of saddling faults. There is no particular manufacturer whom we criticise, since so many brands have their serious in-built faults, quite apart from the woeful general standard of saddle-fitting in the UK.

We do not sell or fit saddles, nor do we profit from any saddling recommendations that we make. For this reason, saddle advice, as in other spheres of our work, is totally impartial and free from vested interest. The problem with this approach, however, is finding a saddle (and a fitter), that can be trusted to do the job, to the standard your horse deserves.

SALMONELLOSIS

This is a serious infectious disease, which is, by law, 'reportable' (see Zoonoses).

It usually manifests in the horse as diarrhoea, chronic weight loss, frank illness and possible death.

Using homeopathy and probiotics, we have witnessed the removal of infection and restoration of health in a number of cases, even when heavy and long-term antibiotics have failed. Expert help homeopathic is required (i.e. from a qualified and experienced homeopathic vet), for the best chance of a successful outcome.

Case History

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SARCOIDS

Sarcoid is the subject of a .pdf document (Sarcoids)

In homeopathic terms, a constitutional tendency to sarcoid formation is an expression of the 'sycotic' miasm and can be treated accordingly, with a reasonable chance of success.

Surgical removal is not advised, since it can cause a deepening and worsening of the condition.

This is especially true of the most troublesome sarcoids, which are the ones that develop high up in the groin and become pendulous, thus becoming chafed by the horse's movement.

sarcoids in the groin

See also:

Warts
Melanoma
Nodular Skin Disease

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SCOUR

see Diarrhoea

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SESAMOIDITIS

What is it?

Sesamoiditis is the name given to inflammation of the small bones behind the fetlocks, generally of the front leg. It is a chronic and disabling condition, if not rectified. It is characterised by swelling behind and just above the fetlock, pain on flexion of the joint and X-ray signs of bony changes in the sesamoid bones. The horse will tend to rest an affected back leg, almost permanently, running the risk of contracture (shortening) of the tendons. This is a serious complication and must be avoided before it happens, as it is very difficult to correct.

How does it occur?

The condition is usually triggered by a type of repetitive strain injury, such as might occur with persistent wrong movement of the limb. That can arise from incorrect saddling or shoeing. The other likely cause of sesamoiditis is direct injury to that area or acute strain.

Are there preventive measures to take?

It is wise to ensure that all possible measures are taken to ensure correct saddling and shoeing A healthy diet will also help.

Is it responsive to treatment?

The conventional response to this disease is to use anti-inflammatory agents. These will sometimes reduce symptoms, for a time, while being unable to do anything for the actual condition.

Using natural medicine methods, especially homeopathy, acupuncture and herbs, we aim to cure the disease or at least initiate a reversal of the process sufficiently to prevent lameness. At the AVMC, we have succeeded in the vast majority of cases. Apart from saddling, diet and shoeing correction, a homeopathic prescription is chosen on the basis of constitutional features, since this is a chronic disease. There may be a need for symptom-based homeopathic prescribing in support. Acupuncture can be very helpful for acute or severe cases, to bring rapid pain relief. LASER therapy is also usually helpful in the early stages of treatment.

Because of the chronic nature of the problem, medication may have to be repeated on occasions, throughout life.

Common homeopathic remedies, that have worked well in past cases, chosen according to signs in the individual patient, are Apis, Arnica, Ruta, Symphytum, Calcarea, Rhus toxicodendron, Ledum and Actaea.

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SET FAST (SETFAST)

See Azoturia

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SHIGELLOSIS

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SHOEING PROBLEMS

Shoeing of horses is generally done well, with some notable exceptions. Sadly, many of the cases seen by the Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre are among those exceptions, owing to the serious disease-potential of shoeing problems.

We are seeing so many cases, in which an apparently medical or chiropractic problem is caused by or aggravated by unsuitable shoeing. It is to the horse’s eternal credit that he tolerates such discomfort and continues to serve us without violent refusal. This tolerance and stoicism is also, however, the reason for much long-term damage.

The problems stem from both fit of shoe and from foot shaping. When visiting a horse, we are willing to demonstrate any problems that may be present in the shoeing. We are also willing to show the clearly demonstrable mechanism for damage.

When the shoeing is unsuitable, it causes an abnormal leg and foot action. This results in both gait and posture abnormalities, in compensation. These incorrect movements, over a period, result in pathology.

Fetlock problems, shoulder problems, navicular disease, ringbone, sidebone and pedal ostitis can all result demonstrably from various particular shoeing problems.

It stands to reason that part of the therapy that we provide at the Alternative Veterinary Medicine Centre is individualised advice on correction of shoeing.

Barefoot methods are becoming more popular. The horse was not 'designed' to wear a shoe. Barefoot management, correctly carried out and in suitable circumstances, can produce extremely good results, with foot shape taking on its ‘intended’ form and function. Pursuance of such methods in unsuitable circumstances and in horses that are unable to adapt, however, will produce welfare problems.

We look after many barefoot horses and all our rescue horses are without shoes. We are willing to advise on barefoot management of any patient and on its suitability for any particular horse or set-up.

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SIDEBONE (SIDE BONE)

What is it?

Sidebone is the appearance of new bone and loss of flexibility and elasticity in the foot, particularly involving the lateral cartilages, in response to trauma or arthritic changes. The diagnosis of early cases is confirmed by X-Ray. The changes can be felt in the lateral cartilages. In more advanced cases, the deformity can be seen.

How does it occur?

Can it be treated?

We have seen many cases of lame horses, showing often quite severe sidebone, respond to a full holistic regime, including saddling, shoeing, diet, homeopathy, herbs and perhaps acupuncture. The cause for realistic hope is the fact that bone is the object of constant remodelling and repair. If the diet is appropriate, providing the correct raw materials, if movement is correct and if medical methods are used to stimulate healthier bone recycling and remodelling, then there is a very reasonable outlook.

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SINUSITIS (SINUS PROBLEMS)

What is it?

Sinusitis refers to inflammation in the sinus spaces of the skull and face. It is usually noticeable by the appearance of a chronic nasal discharge, which may be malodorous. There may be a smell from the mouth, if a tooth root is involved. In severe cases, a facial swelling can occur.

How does it occur?

It can be the chronic sequel of conditions such as strangles, influenza and other respiratory infections. It can occur as a result of vaccine reaction. It can arise from an infected tooth root. Nasal allergy to, say, hay moulds, may also trigger the problem. It becomes chronic owing to the small size of the drainage apertures in the sinuses, which can easily become blocked by inflammation and congestion of the nasal mucous membranes, that line the sinuses.

Can it be treated?

In conventional veterinary medicine, antibiotics are used. They sometimes cannot permeate into the infected region, at sufficient concentrations. Failing that, drainage is achieved via a surgical opening in the face. This may help to manage the problem but cannot be considered a cure. At best, some scarring will be evident. At worst, the discharge and drainage from the surgical opening may persist for many years.

Homeopathy can be an invaluable tool. Homeopathic stimulation of immune and healing mechanisms is commonly successful in resolving the condition, without the need for surgery, on an apparently permanent basis. We have even seen cases that have shown a very good response in horses that have undergone unsuccessful surgery, with all the resultant deformation and scarring that occurs. There may be a temporary increase in the discharge, as natural drainage is helped and encouraged, in response to treatment.

As in most conditions, diet should be compatible with full holistic principles.

Case report

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SKIN PROBLEMS

We are called to attend a great many different skin problems, varying from urticarial reactions to sores and scabs. The huge majority of these stem from an immune problem, possibly from vaccination, since so many start within three months of a vaccine injection. Aggravating causes may be fly bites, reaction to bedding, unsuitable diets, buttercups in the pasture etc.

This is a real constitutional problem, with a need for expert prescribing, according to the individual signs shown and the patient's constitution. Remedies that have proved useful in many cases are: Antimonium crudum, Apis, Arsenicum, Bacillinum, Graphites, Lachesis, Ledum, Lycopodium, Mezereum, Natrum muriaticum, Psorinum, Pulsatilla, Ranunculus, Rhus toxicodendron, Sulphur, Thuja, Tuberculinum and Urtica.

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SPAVIN

What is it?

This is the name given to inflammation of the hock joint. It is a chronic and disabling condition, if not rectified.

Bone spavin may not show to the naked eye. A ‘bog spavin’ will show as a swelling of the hock joint. A 'bone spavin' is diagnosed by X-ray, nerve blocks and clinical signs. Both types are a form of arthritis.

How does it occur?

The condition is usually triggered by a type of repetitive strain injury, such as might occur with persistent wrong movement of the limb. That can arise from incorrect saddling or shoeing. The other likely cause of spavin is direct injury to that area. The connection to saddling can be shown in the way that a horse moves, in response to painful saddling and is easily demonstrable.

Are there preventive measures to take?

It is wise to ensure, apart from treatment and tailor-made exercise programmes, that all possible measures are taken to ensure correct saddling and shoeing A healthy diet will also help.

Is it responsive to treatment?

The conventional response to this disease is to use anti-inflammatory agents. These will sometimes reduce symptoms, while being unable to do anything for the actual condition. In many cases, there is a deliberate policy of ‘fusing’ the joint, by working the horse while on anti-inflammatory drugs or by surgery.

Using natural medicine methods, especially homeopathy, acupuncture and herbs, we aim to cure the disease or at least initiate a reversal of the process sufficiently to prevent lameness. In marked contrast to the common conventional approach, we intend to regain the natural mobility of the hock joint, which has an important shock-absorptive function for the horse. At the AVMC, we have succeeded in the vast majority of cases. Apart from saddling, diet and shoeing correction, a homeopathic prescription is chosen on the basis of constitutional features, since this is a chronic disease. There may be a need for symptom-based homeopathic prescribing in support. Acupuncture can be very helpful for acute or severe cases, to bring rapid pain relief. Because of the chronic nature of the problem, medication may have to be repeated on occasions, throughout life.

Common homeopathic remedies, that have worked well in past cases, chosen according to signs in the individual patient, are Apis, Arnica, Ruta, Strontia, Symphytum, Calcarea, Rhus toxicodendron, Ledum and Actaea.

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SPLINTS (EQUINE SPLINTS)

In this condition, the 'splint bones' of the forelimb are usually affected. The ligamentar attachment of these bones to the cannon bone becomes, possibly strained by repetitive trauma. Diagnosis is by the acute and sometimes painful swellings lateral or medial to the cannon bone. Homeopathy is usually effective in helping splints to settle. In many cases, the bony swellings can be reduced by appropriate prescribing. In early cases, LASER therapy may help speed the resolution. Longer term danger usually only arises in cases of 'high splint', i.e. when the very top end of the splint bone is affected, impinging on the carpal (knee) joint.

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STRANGLES

Strangles is the name given to a specific infectious disease, associated with an organism named Streptococcus equi. It is characterised by swelling and abscessation of the glands in the throat area, resulting in constriction of swallowing and breathing function, hence the name. It is potentially quite serious but usually responds very well to appropriate homeopathic prescribing.

The AVMC has a nosode for prevention. This appears to be very effective in preventing spread in an affected yard.

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SUNBURN

True sunburn is rare in horses, except in those who lack pigment in the skin (e.g. Appaloosa horses, whose faces around the eyes can be affected).

More common is photosensitisation, which occurs on white skin, e.g. on the muzzle of many horses.

See Photosensitisation

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SUSPENSORY

Horses can damage the suspensory ligament. Suspensory damage is potentially a very serious injury, since the horse has only a single digit on which to support his weight (the suspensory is situated deep to the deep digital flexor tendon and the superficial digital flexor tendon).

It is important to check that predisposing factors are eliminated, at the outset of the healing process. Shoes can be removed, while the horse is not being worked. This ensures there is no adverse foot balance issue. Pelvic and spinal alignment must be checked at the outset and regularly during the healing phase. Pelvic misalignment may be a contributory factor in many cases of tendon or suspensory injury. Most cases that the AVMC has attended show pelvic misalignment, which we correct immediately. Saddling must, of course, be optimal, once the horse is back in work, since uncomfortable saddling leads to wrong movement which puts undue strain on individual limbs.

Diet should be light, as befits a horse not in work and should be in accordance with the dietary advice given elsewhere on this site.

We do not advocate box rest. We have experienced extremely good healing in horses that are out at grass, among companions who are steady.

We apply regular LASER therapy, in the initial phase. This is a powerful stimulus to the healing of fibrous structures, such as tendons and ligaments.

The prognosis is usually good, at least for ordinary work. Some horses can even race again. The earlier this programme is started, after the injury, the better.

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SWEET ITCH (SWEETITCH)

What is it?

Sweet itch is a very distressing condition, which can make summertime a misery for affected animals. It is usually ponies that are affected. The Iceland horse is particularly susceptible.

It is characterised by a severe desire to scratch and rub, often uncontrollably. The pony may rub himself on trees, wire, posts, fencing and gates. The itching can be so frantic and determined that physical damage to fittings can occur. The skin becomes sore and weeping. It is mostly the crest of the mane, the withers and the root of the tail and rump that are affected.

Triggers can be rich grass and midge bites.

How does it occur?

There is almost certainly an allergic component, usually to midge bites (Culicoides) and perhaps also to grass proteins. Since a malfunction of the immune system is involved, vaccination may play a part, because it is the one intentional challenge to the immune system that we intentionally present to the horse or pony. In fact, onset of symptoms can sometimes be related to a vaccination event, within three months.

Are there preventive measures to take?

It is wise to try to restrict exposure to midges. This can be achieved by stabling around dawn and dusk, when the midges are most active. This is, of course, not always possible.

Special rugs have been developed, which cover head, neck and body, preventing midges from biting.

Too much rich grass may predispose to the condition and the feeding of sugars, such as molasses, is inadvisable. A natural, horse-suitable diet is essential for health.

Grass, hay or haylage from fields dressed with artificial nitrogen may predispose to this condition. Avoid treating pasture or hay ground with artificial fertilisers or other chemicals.

Is it responsive to treatment?

The conventional response to this disease is to use anti-inflammatory agents, in the form of long-acting steroid injections. These will sometimes reduce symptoms. Topical steroid creams may be offered, to try to soothe the skin lesions. We have seen severe and intractable laminitis follow from steroid treatment and cannot recommend this route.

Using natural medicine methods, especially homeopathy, we aim to cure the disease or at least reduce the tendency. At the AVMC, we have succeeded in about 70% - 80% of cases. This may sometimes be only by ‘controlling’ the problem, not actually ‘curing’ it, but a cure is possible in many cases. A homeopathic prescription is chosen on the basis of constitutional features, since this is a chronic disease, and there may be a need for symptom-based homeopathic prescribing in support. Aromatherapy can also help some patients. Using homeopathy sweet itch can become very manageable or even a thing of the past.

Common homeopathic remedies, that have worked in past cases, chosen according to signs in the individual patient, are Arsenicum, Calcarea, Silica, Graphites, Nux vomica, Natrum muriaticum, Hypericum, Thuja, Tuberculinum, Sulphur and Pulsatilla. Hypericum and Calendula lotion can be very helpful.

Warning: There are some 'patent medicines' on the market, obtainable via the web. One of these in particular has no ingredients listed and the suppliers refuse to respond to requests for ingredients. In one case, the AVMC has witnessed a serious skin reaction to the application of that medication, the reaction being described by the owner as the skin having been 'stripped off'. Without proper trials, it is strictly illegal to market medications with a 'medical indication'. The AVMC can never recommend using products whose ingredients are not clearly listed on the package.

Sweet Itch is the subject of a .pdf file information sheet.

sweet itch homeopathy - homeopathy sweet itch - sweet itch pony - pony sweet itch

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TEETHING

Homeopathic treatment can aid the regulation of the teething process.

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TENDONS

Horses can damage the tendons in their legs. The tendon, which commonly sustains the injury, is the deep digital flexor but the superficial digital flexor can also become injured (the suspensory ligament is deep to these). Tendon damage is potentially a very serious injury, since the horse has only a single digit on which to support his weight.

It is important to check that predisposing factors are eliminated, at the outset of the healing process. Shoes can be removed, while the horse is not being worked. This ensures there is no adverse foot balance issue. Pelvic and spinal alignment must be checked at the outset and regularly during the healing phase. Pelvic misalignment may be a contributory factor in many cases of tendon injury. Most cases that the AVMC has attended show pelvic misalignment, which we correct immediately. Saddling must, of course, be optimal, once the horse is back in work, since uncomfortable saddling leads to wrong movement which puts undue strain on individual limbs.

Diet should be light, as befits a horse not in work and should be in accordance with the dietary advice given elsewhere on this site.

We do not advocate box rest. We have experienced extremely good healing in horses that are out at grass, among companions who are steady.

We apply regular LASER therapy, in the initial phase. This is a powerful stimulus to the healing of fibrous structures, such as tendons.

The prognosis is usually good, at least for ordinary work. Some horses can even race again. The earlier this programme is started, after the injury, the better.

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TOOTH ABSCESS (TOOTH INFECTION)

From time to time, we encounter an infected tooth root (tooth abscess). These can arise from a number of different causes, among which are facial injury, a cracked, split or broken tooth and gum or mouth injury. It is usually in an upper cheek tooth (molar), whose roots are very close to the maxillary sinus cavity. In fact, one of these teeth extends into the floor of the sinus. The problem is usually accompanied by a smelly purulent discharge from the nostril of the affected side.

In a few cases, homeopathic treatment can stimulate healing of the infection. Even in those cases which are too stubborn to cure in this way, homeopathy improves the well-being and general health, while other options are considered. A dentist has even reported being certain that homeopathic treatment had controlled the infection and had apparently made extraction simpler and without the common complications.

In those that prove more stubborn, the tooth may have to be removed. At the AVMC, we do not perform such surgery but we recommend removal via the mouth with the patient standing and sedated. We are unable to recommend more invasive procedures, in which there is a surgical approach via the sinus (i.e. from above). We furthermore cannot recommend flushing of the sinus, even when inspissated (dried or tough) pus has accumulated in the sinus, as homeopathy can usually stimulate satisfactory drainage via the sinus openings or via the open tooth root, once the offending tooth is out. Flushing can force infection into new areas.

N.B.: After the removal of the tooth, the opposite teeth in the lower jaw will wear unevenly and need more regular and expert attention, for life, to prevent future problems.

Case history

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TYING UP

See Azoturia

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URTICARIA

Urticaria is characterised by discrete swellings appearing in the skin. These may be circular patches, ring-shaped lesions or even mimic a horseshoe shape.

There is an allergic component of this disease, hence we must consider vaccination as one of the possible underlying causes. Immediate triggers can be dietary, drug reaction, bedding, chemicals etc.

Homeopathy is usually very effective indeed, at treating such problems and even at curing the majority of them. However, we can encounter extremely difficult cases on occasion. It requires skilled prescribing, for best results, since the signs, albeit usually non-painful, betray a deep underlying malfunction of the immune system. The approach is holistic, as with all chronic disease, taking into account diet, vaccination history etc., with homeopathic constitutional prescribing at the heart of the therapeutic strategy.

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VACCINATION PROBLEMS
Vaccinosis

Since vaccination is designed to attack and to aggravate the immune system, it is in the immune department that most harmful effects will be seen. Diseases with an immune component have to be considered as possibly of vaccinal origin.

We are therefore able to list Allergies, COPD, Sweet Itch, Bleeders, Sarcoids, Urticaria, Mud Fever, Skin diseases, Head Shaking, Moonblindness and many others, among diseases which may be initiated or aggravated by vaccination. Autoimmune (Auto-immune) disorders may also owe their origins to vaccination, in some cases.

The ill effects of vaccination can often be seen some time after the injection. Three months is not an untoward interval, for the chronic effects of immune imbalance finally to be expressed as visible signs. There are, however, rarer and more dramatic ‘immediate’ ill-effects. These include anaphyllaxis (a violent and life-threatening allergic response), abscessation at the site of injection and excessive pyrexia (fever).

It is a source of great sadness to me that, as a result of arbitrary competition rules, horses are subject to annual vaccination, despite the lack of scientific support for this régime. It is a source of even deeper regret that, should a horse run over his booster date by so much as a day, he must restart his ‘loading’ doses of vaccination, i.e. a course of three injections. Not only is there no scientific support for this policy but, in addition, the risks to the immune system are magnified out of all proportion.

Tetanus vaccination is a very effective preventive for tetanus, which is a terrible disease. Boosters may not be necessary inside ten or more years, once the initial course has been given.

Influenza vaccination does not appear to be to any great advantage to the horse. If given during pregnancy, the risks to the developing foetus are unquantified. It most certainly should not be given to a horse who has any sign of ill health, according to the manufacturers’ own stated precautions.

There are homeopathic alternatives to vaccination, which are not proven by currently accepted scientific methodology nor do they satisfy rules of competition. At the AVMC, we are happy to discuss this whole topic with clients, in great depth, upon request.

See also: 'Vaccination Issues' - 'Virus' - 'Nosodes' - 'Nosode Protection'

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VIRUS

(Viral disease)

When a certain pattern of abnormalities is seen in a horse's blood (blood sample), in conjunction with malaise, lethargy, poor performance, inability to work etc., it is usually referred to as evidence of a 'virus'. However, a great many of these occur soon after vaccination, which raises suspicions that vaccinations may be the real cause in many cases of the problem, rather than a supposed 'virus'. Certainly, there is evidence of immune disruption in the blood results and vaccination is designed to attack the immune system.

Whether or not this theory is correct, cases generally respond very well to homeopathic treatment (homeopathy). We are usually, however, only called in when cases go on for a long time, despite conventional efforts.

Homeopathy for horses with viral infections: in just such areas as this, of vague illness that causes ill-health to the horse and great concern or anxiety in the owner, when no obvious diagnosis can be made or successful conventional treatment found, that homeopathy has been of great benefit.

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WARTS

Warts are superficial, usually crusty lesion on the skin, that have no serious implications for the horse. They are generally curable, using homeopathic medication. The most common remedy used for this problem is Thuja, although there are others, chosen according to shape, appearance and behaviour of the warts and constitutional aspects of the patient.

In homeopathic terms, a constitutional tendency to wart formation is an expression of the 'sycotic' miasm.

See also:

Sarcoids
Melanoma
Nodular Skin Disease

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WOBBLER SYNDROME

What is it?

Wobbler is the name given to the condition in which foals or yearlings (but also rarely adults) lose co-ordination of their hind limbs. It usually results from a malformation / incorrect development of the cervical vertebrae. The horse will generally 'float' or 'sway' at the hind end, particularly when turning. X-ray pictures are very characteristic, usually showing misalignment of the cervical vertebrae, which causes pinching of the cervical spinal cord.

The condition generally means that the animal is unusable for normal work, although at the AVMC we do have some cases on record, that have returned to dressage.

How does it occur?

The condition is usually triggered by inco-ordination of growth and development, manifesting itself particularly in the neck vertebrae. The other likely cause is direct injury or strain to the neck area. It is most common in Thoroughbreds and those which grow very quickly.

Are there preventive measures to take?

It is wise to ensure that all possible measures are taken to ensure an non-traumatic and steady growth period for a foal, avoiding over feeding or 'pushing'. A healthy diet will also help.

We have instituted an apparently very successful preventive programme at a stud in Normandy, in which we have applied dietary and homeopathic methods to the pregnant mares and to the foals from birth. Numbers are too small, as yet, to draw definite conclusions, but results have been very promising indeed. The stud was producing a number of ‘wobbler’ foals, and has produced none since this programme was started. This tends to confound the heredity theory for this condition but there is still likely to be a hereditary tendency.

Is it responsive to treatment?

The conventional prognosis is hopeless.

The cases in which we have been successful (or partially so) have responded best to an integrated chiropractic, homeopathic and acupuncture strategy, along with diet work.

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WOUNDS

Owing to their lifestyle and their nature, horses suffer wounds not infrequently. These can vary from minor cuts and abrasions, not worthy of much concern and often healing uneventfully without any intervention, to severe and extensive wounds, which necessitate veterinary attention and often protracted care.

In thirty-five years of veterinary practice and twenty years of ‘seeing practice’ before that, it has been my dubious pleasure to see a massive variety of wounds and a plethora of wound management techniques.

Some basic principles should serve to guide us in our assessment and treatment of wounds.

Interfere as little as possible.
Avoid excessive cleaning, which can often do tissue damage in its own right.
Only stitch or staple if vital to a healing process.
If wound closure is required, leave good room for drainage of fluids and discharges.
Choose the simplest intervention possible.
Do not rush to antibiotics*.
Use natural healing stimulation and wound treatments, wherever possible (e.g. LASER therapy, homeopathy, herbs, acupuncture).
If there is proud flesh**, treat with natural medicine.
In cases of large areas of skin loss, skin grafting must be considered at some point***

*We do not appear to need antibiotics, in wounds treated naturally.
**In our experience, proud flesh does not occur in a wound treated holistically from the outset.
***Skin grafting is rarely necessary in wounds treated naturally, owing to the extensive degree of shrinkage of the 'skinless’ area that occurs.

ALLERGY - ALLERGIES

What is it?

What causes it?

AZOTURIA Setfast - Tying up - Myoglobinuria - Monday Morning Disease

What is it?

Is it treatable?

Prevention

BACK PROBLEMS & NECK PROBLEMS

What is it?

Is it responsive to treatment?

Back Men

Gadgets

BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS

BLEEDERS

What is it?

How does it occur?

Is it treatable?

COLIC

COPD

COUGH

CUSHING'S DISEASE

DIARRHOEA / SCOUR

DJD

HAEMATOMA

HEAD SHAKING

HEAD-SHAKING - HEADSHAKING - HEADSHAKER

HORMONAL PROBLEMS

INFERTILITY

INJURY see also: wounds

JOINT ILL

KISSING SPINES

KLEBSIELLOSIS

LAMENESS

LAMINITIS (FOUNDER)

LIGAMENTS

LIVER DISEASE

LYMPHANGITIS

MASTITIS

MOONBLINDNESS - MOON BLINDNESS moon blindness, ERU, equine recurrent uveitis, recurrent ophthalmia, recurrent uveitis, periodic ophthalmia

MUD FEVER - GREASY HEEL - HEEL DERMATITIS - CRACKED HEELS

NAVEL ILL

NAVICULAR DISEASE - NAVICULAR SYNDROME

OCD

OSTEOMYELITIS

PARALYSIS

PEDAL OSTITIS (PEDALOSTITIS)

What is it?

How does it occur?

Are there preventive measures to take?

Is it responsive to treatment?

PERIODIC OPHTHALMIA

See Moonblindness

PHOTOSENSITISATION

What is it?

How does it arise?

How can I prevent it?

Is it treatable?

PROUD FLESH

What is it?

Are there preventive measures to take?

Is it responsive to treatment?

RAIN SCALD

RECURRENT UVEITIS - ERU

See Moonblindness

RINGBONE - RING BONE

SADDLING PROBLEMS

SALMONELLOSIS

SARCOIDS

SESAMOIDITIS

What is it?

How does it occur?

Are there preventive measures to take?

Is it responsive to treatment?

SET FAST (SETFAST)

See Azoturia

SHIGELLOSIS

SHOEING PROBLEMS

SIDEBONE (SIDE BONE)

SINUSITIS (SINUS PROBLEMS)

SKIN PROBLEMS

AZOTURIA
Setfast - Tying up - Myoglobinuria - Monday Morning Disease

INJURY
see also: wounds

MOONBLINDNESS - MOON BLINDNESS

moon blindness, ERU, equine recurrent uveitis, recurrent ophthalmia, recurrent uveitis, periodic ophthalmia

VACCINATION PROBLEMS
Vaccinosis